Early studies in patients with NHL and MM suggested the superiority of G-CSF plus plerixafor over G-CSF alone in regard to mobilization efficiency.38 More recently, a compassionate use study including 115 patients who had failed at least one previous mobilization attempt showed a success rate for re-mobilization with G-CSF plus plerixafor of 60% for NHL, 71% for MM and 76% for HD.39 Similar results have been shown in an European compassionate use study including 56 patients with lymphoma or MM, where the success rate was 75%.40 This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and Miyoshi myopathy.