In this case, the benefit of higher cell yields (than with G-CSF alone) may be offset by less predictability of timing and an increased risk for the patient (i.e., increased morbidity, greater risk of infection and febrile neutropenia, more hospital admissions, transfusions, antibiotic therapy, and drug-specific toxicities) without any well documented anti-tumor effect.20 Here, CSF3 is linked to infection.