Similarly, mucosal mRNA expression of IL-23, which contributes to Th17 cell expansion, stabilization and/or conditioning of a fully inflammatory cell phenotype [57], was reduced by 43% (P = 0.04) in HF-FO-fed mice relative to HF whereas mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-27 were unaffected by diet (P>0.05). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and hydrops fetalis.