TNF and neoplasm: We evaluated whether HDAC6-selective inhibitor M344 could act synergistically with TNF-α, a cytokine that activates HIV-1 transcription through NF-κB (p65/p50) induction, prostratin, the non-tumor-promoting phorbol ester showing a lack of tumor promotion and an ability to block viral proliferation but also an ability to induce latent proviral expression [43]–[45], and 5-Aza, a small molecule inhibitor of DNA methylation, in J-Lat clones A7 cells.