HMGA1 and neoplasm: Previous studies in cancer cells have demonstrated that HMGA1 directly activates specific genes involved in tumor growth and progression, including proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, genetic instability, resistance to cell death, immune evasion, and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells, although its role in embryonic stem cells is poorly understood [23,26–30,32–36.,45].