RELA and infection: Using this model, we examined NF-κB p65 activation at early time points (8 h) observing that live RV infection during allergen challenge (RV1B-OVA) increased NF-κB p65 DNA binding in lung nuclear protein extracts when compared to live infection alone (RV1B-PBS) and allergen challenge together with inactivated RV (UV-RV1B-OVA; Fig 2A).