In terms of the somatic genetic pathways followed by MSI+ and CIN+ CRCs, there seems to be considerable functional overlap, but the specific mutations tend to differ: for example, MSI+ tumours tend to acquire mutations in AXIN1, BRAF and BAX, whereas CIN+ tumours have mutations in APC, KRAS and TP533. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.