IGFBP2 and breast carcinoma: Despite these two opposite effects of IGFBP-2 on the biological behavior of cancers, studies on biochemistry and molecular pathology have demonstrated that IGFBP-2 is over-expressed in a wide variety of human malignancies, including lung cancer, glioma, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, adrenocortical tumor, breast cancer and leukemia.