Regardless of the roles of NOD1 and NOD2 in the immune response to certain microbes, for some bacterial pathogens, such as Coxiella burnetii and Brucella abortus, NOD1 and NOD2 play no role in restricting bacterial replication in murine models of infection (Benoit et al., 2009; Oliveira et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene NOD2 and infection.