NOD2 polymorphisms have also been associated with a variety of human inflammatory diseases, such as atopic eczema (Weidinger et al., 2005), arthritis (Joosten et al., 2008; Vieira et al., 2012), atopic dermatitis (Macaluso et al., 2007), sarcoidosis (Kanazawa et al., 2005), and possibly asthma (Hysi et al., 2005; Duan et al., 2010), and endometrial (Ashton et al., 2010) or prostate cancer (Kang et al., 2012). The gene discussed is NOD2; the disease is atopic eczema.