BMPR2 and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: A part of the result may reflect clinical differences in subjects such as age, gender, stage of the disease, and etc. On the other hand, the present murine model showed similar expression pattern of genes which has been generally accepted as some biological molecules associated with the pathogenesis of IPAH, such as BMP signaling [1,35,36]: BMPR2, ALK1, and ENG.