TSHR and McCune-Albright syndrome: McCune-Albright syndrome as well as germline and somatic gain-of-function mutations of the TSH receptor gene, which may be associated with the presence of diffuse hyperplasia and toxic nodules, are also rare causes of thyrotoxicosis, as are TSH-secreting pituitary tumours and thyroid hormone resistance (Table 1).This review will focus on management of GD in childhood and of hyperthyroidism during the fetal and neonatal period.