To avoid autoimmune reaction, nucleotide sensing TLRs must discriminate between microbial products and self-products; robust TLR7/9 responses to self-nucleotides predispose individuals to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [21,23]. Here, TLR7 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.