Agonists of intracellular TLRs such as TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) and TLR7/8 agonist imidazoquinoline promote activation of Th1 immune responses; the TLR9 synthetic agonists are being investigated for cancer immunotherapy, asthma and allergy therapy, and vaccine adjuvants. The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is allergic disease.