Expression of a dominant-negative form of TGFβRII (dnTGFβRII) under a CD4 promoter without a CD8 silencer leads to spontaneous activation and differentiation of both CD4 and CD8 T cells and development of autoimmune diseases at 4–6 months of age [24]; the different pathological outcomes demonstrated that the TGFβ signaling pathway is not completely abrogated by the expression of the dominant negative form of TGFβRII. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is autoimmune disease.