Strikingly, although elevated circulating IL-6 was reported to correlate with adverse clinical features and survival in non-Hodgkin lymphoma [37], [38], while clinical trials have showed anticancer effects of IL-12 on cutaneous T cell lymphoma [39], genetic depletion of IL-6 or IL-12p40 did not rescue outgrowth of lymphoma-like T cell in homozygous dnTGFβRII mice indicating that dnTGFβRII homozygosity is critical for the outgrowth of lymphoma-like T cells. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is non-Hodgkin lymphoma.