In contrast, Ifnar1−/−Ifngr1−/− animals exhibited mortality, multiple late peaks of high parasitemia, and an inability to completely clear parasites from the bloodstream within the duration of the 70 day study, indicating that T1IFNs and IFNG signaling exhibit redundancy in the regulation of anti-parasitic mechanisms that are essential to the control of malaria infection. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and parasitic infectious disease.