IL10 and malaria: Furthermore, polymorphisms involving the IL-10 promoter region have been associated with both severe malaria outcomes and IL-10 production levels in Kenya [49] and Mozambique [50], and polymorphisms in the IL-10 receptor gene promoter have also been linked to protection against severe malaria in Gabon [51], but the results of a family based study in The Gambia raised questions as to whether associations with IL-10 signalling pathways might be confounded by foetal survival rates or other sources of inheritance bias [26].