CD4 and tuberculosis: We used two approaches to determine the relationship between Tim-3 expression and cytokine responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells: (i) PBMC from untreated active TB patients (n = 9) were stimulated ex vivo with Mtb peptides pool, and then stained for Tim-3 and anti-Mtb effector cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-22 and analyzed by polychromatic flow cytometry.