In agreement with TB-driven up-regulation of Tim-3 and Gal-9 in Mtb-infected macaques [25], we found up-regulation of Tim-3 and Gal-9 and significant increases in numbers of Tim-3 or Gal-9-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in active TB patients when compared with HCs(Figure 1 and Supporting Information, Figure S1). Here, CD8A is linked to tuberculosis.