These enhanced effector functions of Tim-3-expressing T cells in TB are not totally unexpected as anti-microbial effector functions of T cells are usually linked to effector or effector memory phenotypes of these T cells [30], [31], and such enhanced effector functions appear to reflect the immunological features of effector memory phenotypes for Tim-3High CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and tuberculosis.