HOXA1 and lung carcinoma: For example, HOXA1 stimulates oncogenesis through the MAPKsignaling pathway and the transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5B in mammary epithelial cells(Mohankumar et al., 2008).Also, CpG islands of HOXA1 are significantly hypermethylated in lung cancer (Selamat et al., 2011), breastcancer (Park et al., 2011)and gastric carcinoma (Kang et al.,2008).