In the same line, the VE-cadherin/CCM1 (a protein encoded by the CCM1 gene which is mutated in a large proportion of patients affected by cerebral cavernous malformation) complex controls aPKC-ζ activation and Par-3 localization during early steps of brain endothelial cell polarization [98]. This evidence concerns the gene KRIT1 and famililal cerebral cavernous malformations.