INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: On one hand, feeding a high-protein diet for 6 months or longer induces insulin resistance in healthy non-obese individuals [44] and rats [45] leading to the argument that high-protein intake causes detrimental effects on glucose homeostasis by increasing insulin resistance [46], while on the other, eating a high-fat, high-protein diet for 5 weeks reduced plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon and triglyceride concentrations in weight stable type 2 diabetic patients [47].