Furthermore, PA inhibited C. albicans invasion into epithelial and intestinal cells [38] and there is evidence that inhibitors of HIV proteinase that are administered as a part of the highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) for HIV-positive patients, directly affect Saps' activity and reduce the incidence of oral candidiasis, independent of CD4+ T cell count [39]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is oral candidiasis.