TSPO and brain inflammatory disease: This recent evidence and our preclinical study implicate that TSPO imaging could be a promising diagnostic biomarker: firstly, by helping to identify the degree of inflammation and the affected regions in patients and, therefore, TSPO PET imaging could identify individuals that would benefit from anti-inflammatory treatment; secondly, TSPO PET imaging could act as a biomarker and possibly a surrogate marker for preclinical and clinical studies investigating how drugs and potentially anti-inflammatory drugs affect brain inflammation/disease condition.