TNF and atherosclerosis: EAT secretes various proinflammatory adipokines like interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrose factor (TNF) α, leptin, macrophage chemoattractand protein 1 (MCP-1), type I plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), resistin [35] that provide a metabolic milieu that promotes atherosclerosis [4], [7], [36].