BRCA1 and ovarian carcinoma: Using these identified significant associations in the pathway analysis, we have found that the genes significantly associated with GWAS discovered ovarian cancer risk alleles are enriched in several key biological pathways, such as cell cycle, cellular response to stress/damage, energy metabolism, transcriptional factor binding, etc. Interestingly, most known familial ovarian cancer genes (i.e., BRCA1/2 and MMR) are key players in these key pathways.