Prior to cellular infection the infective trypomastigotes bombard host cells with PLC-cleaved gp83 to activate the ERK1/2 pathway to up regulate laminin primed cells to enhanced infection via the laminin-45 mucin-galectin-3 pathway (Moody et al., 2000; Kleshchenko et al., 2004). The gene discussed is LAMB2; the disease is infection.