We rule out this second hypothesis on the basis of 2 pieces of evidence: First, diuretic treatment resulted in normalization of hemodynamic-dependent LVH but did not correct proteinuria, which is a characteristic of endothelial dysfunction.39 Second, in a hemodynamic-independent setup36 (ie, in isolated ECs), CaMK4 removal causes endothelial dysfunction as assessed by reduction of eNOS activity, which is corrected only after gene replacement. This evidence concerns the gene CAMK4 and endothelial dysfunction.