TNF and Obesity: The M1 phenotype is associated with increased production of chemoattractants, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1, and of numerous proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL) 6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, and is linked to inflammatory diseases, such as obesity‐associated insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.6 In contrast, M2 macrophages are triggered by the Th2 cytokines (eg, IL4 or IL13), are characterized by the production of antiinflammatory cytokines such as IL10, and are considered to participate in resolution of the inflammatory responses.7,8