REN and Hypertension: Studies aimed at identification of such epigenetic factors for hypertension are beginning to accumulate associations of epigenetic events involving nephron development, expression of renin–angiotensin system genes, and blood vessel remodeling.36–39 However, to address whether epigenetics contributes to the missing heritability of hypertension, it is imperative that study designs be focused on differentiating the “causal” epigenetic factors for hypertension from the “consequential” epigenetic factors associated with hypertension.