These data are consistent with a recent study that reported similar effectiveness of another anti–IL-1β antibody treatment for atherosclerosis.15 Because ApoE−/−/IL-1R1−/− mice fed an atherosclerotic diet also develop reduced peripheral pathology,14 it is not possible from the findings of this study to determine the specific site of IL-1 action in driving central nervous system pathology. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and atherosclerosis.