Our recent studies show increased cerebrovascular and brain inflammation in ApoE−/− mice fed an atherogenic high-fat diet, though the mechanisms of this response are not known.6 The primary objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the neuroinflammatory responses associated with atherosclerosis induced by high-fat feeding in susceptible (ApoE−/−) mice is mediated by IL-1. The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is atherosclerosis.