IGF1 and neuroblastoma: IGF1 has been shown to have protective role in MPP +  induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-EP1 cells by inhibiting apoptotic processes (Wang et al., 2010) and female rats treated with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) did not show reduced tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (a marker for DA toxicity) after intracerebroventricular infusion of IGF1 substantia nigra compared to those without the treatment (Quesada et al., 2008).