VEGF production by keratinocytes can be induced by many stimuli including hypoxia, transforming growth factor-α, keratinocyte growth factor, UV radiation, and the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA), while VEGF production is inhibited by the transcription factor Fra-1 [39–46]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and neoplasm.