Although a subsequent study conducted by Long et al. (2008) observed increased IFN-y and CD107a expression of NK cells in KIR3DS1+ individuals with early HIV-1 infection, this finding was independent of the joint carriage of HLA-Bw4-I80. However, the authors did observe higher IFN-y and CD107a expression in individuals encoding for both KIR3DS1 and HLA-Bw4 alleles, in particular in the presence of the B*58 alleles, and the lack of detecting a statistical significance for higher NK cell activity in KIR3DS1/HLA-Bw4-I80+individuals might have been a consequence of the small sample size. The gene discussed is LAMP1; the disease is HIV-1 infection.