Besides, other hematopoietic cytokines, such as G-CSF or GM-CSF, had been shown to have beneficial effects in AD mouse model (Tsai et al., 2007; Volmar et al., 2008; Sanchez-Ramos et al., 2009; Boyd et al., 2010; Jiang et al., 2010; Li et al., 2011). Here, CSF3 is linked to Alzheimer disease.