Another target that has been shown to be regulated by miR-31 is the T lymphoma Invasion And Metastasis gene 1 (TIAM1), which is a guanidine exchange factor for Rac GTPase and when over-expressed, it prevents TGF-β and TNF-α dependent motility and invasion in CRC cell lines [20]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.