Since HNE has been established to cause the activation of the Nrf2-EpRE signaling and cytoprotective gene induction [221] and the MRP3 induction was dependent upon the transcription factor Nrf2 [220], the HNE upregulation of MRP3 mRNA and protein levels in cell lines with wild-type Keap1, but not in the Keap1-mutant NSCLC cell lines, supports the hypothesis that MRP3 induction by HNE involves Nrf2 activation. This evidence concerns the gene KEAP1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.