LCN2 and systemic inflammatory response syndrome: Indeed, studies investigating sNGAL and/or uNGAL for the prediction of AKI in patients after cardiac surgery [10, 11, 21–27], patients with multiple trauma [28], and patients with sepsis or SIRS [29, 30] showed excellent performances for NGAL as a predictive biological marker of AKI, with areas under the ROC curve of sNGAL and up to 0.91 and of uNGAL up to 0.99.