Specifically, we confirmed that the following 27 genes, involving transcription control, signaling transduction, cell development, and adhesion, as well as cancer, are hypermethylated in MDS patients: ARNT2, E2F3, HDAC1, PIAS3, TCF7L1, TGFBR1, DCC, EPAS1, MET, WNT16, WNT6, WNT8B, FZD1, NCOA4, NFKB1, BCR, FASLG, FLT3LG, IGF1R, KIT, MAP2K1, PIK3R2, PLCG1, PLCG2, RALBP1, TRAF3, and SRC. Here, PIAS3 is linked to cancer.