TNF and Genetic obesity: Evaluation of SOC3 mRNA expression in murine skeletal gastrocnemius muscle under conditions known to be associated with insulin resistance revealed that SOC3 expression was increased by high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) (Fig. 1A), genetic obesity due to leptin deficiency (ob/ob) mice (Fig. 1B), and inflammation due to injection with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα (Fig. 1C) and hyperlipidemia due to lipid infusion (Fig. 1D) [15], [16].