IGF1R and colonic neoplasm: For instance, NEU1-mediated desialylation of integrin β4 leads to metastasis suppression in colon cancer[79,80], whereas in arterial smooth muscle cells the NEU1-dependent desialylation of both platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) lowered their intracellular signals, thereby diminishing cell proliferation[81].