SIGIRR and Autoimmunity: Members of the ILR family have been involved in T cell polarization and proliferation (Chan et al., 2001; Neighbors et al., 2001; Schmitz et al., 2005; Acosta-Rodriguez et al., 2007) and TIR8/SIGIRR has emerged as a negative regulator affecting Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation, which play a major role in autoimmunity and sterile inflammation (Garlanda et al., 2004, 2007b; Xiao et al., 2007; Bozza et al., 2008; Bulek et al., 2009).