Examples of endogenous TLRs or ILRs ligands, which could constitutively activate cognate membrane receptors in the malignant clone or cells of the tumor microenvironment in the absence of TIR8/SIGIRR, are ILRs family cytokines such as IL-1, IL-18, IL-33, and TLRs ligands including PAMPs derived from intestinal microflora and/or DAMPs containing autoantigens. The gene discussed is IARS1; the disease is neoplasm.