IL1A and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Recently, a study showed that healthy first-degree relatives of patients with T1D exhibited significant differences in expression pattern of genes involved in the regulation of innate immune responses such as TLR signaling and CCR3 signaling in eosinophils, costimulation, and cytokine responses mediated by CD137, CD40, and CD28 signaling and IL-1 proinflammatory pathway, as compared to healthy controls (Stechova et al., 2011).