The relevance of antagonistic GalR/5-HT1A interactions for depression were discussed especially in the frame of the 5-HT isoreceptor disbalance hypothesis of depression (see Fuxe et al., 1977, 1991; Ogren et al., 1979) and the galanin-induced reduction of activity in the ascending 5-HT neurons (Fuxe et al., 1991). The gene discussed is HTR1A; the disease is depressive disorder.