Cordain et al. [60,61] proposed that a change in nutrition toward a higher intake of refined carbohydrate and sugar might be responsible for the dramatic increase in myopia: diets high in refined carbohydrates are increasing glucose levels (hyperglycemia) and consequently insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia), and insulin resistance, which, in turn, induces growth of the eyeball. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hyperglycemia.