Protein synthesis is basically regulated at the initiation step, where phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of initiation factor eIF2 (eIF2alpha) at residue Ser-51 by specific protein kinases represents one of the best-characterized mechanisms regulating mRNA translation in eukaryotic cells in response to various stress conditions, such as lack of nutrients, endoplasmic reticulum stress, iron deficiency, heat shock and viral infection [1], [2]. The gene discussed is EIF2S1; the disease is Iron deficiency anemia.