TNF and Sepsis: In our previous studies, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of Gelam honey and its methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, on the basis of their abilities to suppress NO production in macrophages and rat inflammation models, inhibit the release of NO-induced cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) and high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), induces HO-1 in animal models, and protects organs from lethal doses of LPS that induce sepsis [39–41,79].