The present study described that EG isolated from Galla Rhois has anticancer activity against a human leukemia cell line acting on mitochondrial-dependent pathways and the caspase cascade to activate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through expression of caspases-8, -9, and -3; apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF); and endonuclease G (Endo G). This evidence concerns the gene CASP8 and leukemia.