After extensive characterization of the synuclein family of peptides, it is now well established that αS plays a causative role in stimulation of α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), multiple system atrophy, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, type 1 (formerly known as Hallervorden-Spatz disease), and the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer’s disease [4,5], while γS is involved in tumor progression and metastasis of cancers such as breast cancer, ovarian tumor and brain tumors [6]. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is synucleinopathy.