CMA1 and aortic valve stenosis: AS valves were characterized by an increased number of tryptase- and chymase-positive MCs, compared with the control valves (6.9 [2.3–18.9]/mm2vs. 0.7 [0–2.2]/mm2, P = 0.0001, and 3.2 [2.1–9.4]/mm2vs. 0.3 [0–1.9]/mm2, P = 0.002, respectively) (Fig. 1).