We now provide evidence that, during the course of HIV infection, the expression of a large group of nuclear receptors is dramatically reset in monocytes, that this resetting is associated to a robust activation of circulating monocytes as demonstrated by 10–20 fold increase in the monocytic expression of MCP-1- RNA, and that HAART is not able to revert all the observed alterations. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is HIV infectious disease.