VEGFC and neoplasm: VEGF-C has been shown to stimulate migration of endothelial cells, induce vascular permeability and endothelial cell proliferation, induce intercellular gaps between lymphatic endothelial cells that facilitate entry of tumor cells into the lumen of lymphatic vessels, and promote lymphatic vessel enlargement that increases lymph flow and trafficking of tumor cells to lymph nodes [16, 40, 61, 75].