INS and Insulin resistance: Due to MAP4K4’s molecular role in inflammation and insulin resistance, we investigated whether common (minor allele frequency [MAF] >0.05) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging the human MAP4K4 locus associate with prediabetic traits, such as glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, impaired insulin release, or elevated plasma TNF-α and IL-6 levels in White European subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes recruited from the Tübingen family (TÜF) study for type 2 diabetes.