TLR4 and myocardial infarction: Increased expression of TLR4 on circulating monocytes and increased transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules, reflecting downstream activation of TLR stimulation, have been found in patients with unstable angina (UA) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to patients with stable angina and healthy controls [24], [25].